Chautauqua: The Nature Study Movement in Pacific Grove, California

REFERENCES

PROLOGUE
1. Pacific Grove Butterflies Leave For Distant Parts, San Jose News, March 16, 1939.

2. Ibid

CHAPTER 1

1. Belton, David; Cathleen O'Connell; Callie Taintor Wiser; Sarah Colt; Thomas Jen- nings; Greg Barker; Julie Powell; David Espar; Marilyn H Mellowes; Campbell Scott; Philip Sheppard; WGBH (Television station: Boston, Mass.); WGBH Educational Founda- tion.; PBS Distribution (Firm). God in America: how religious liberty shaped America. [United States]: PBS Distribution, ©2010

2. Barrow, Mark V. (2000). The Specimen Dealer: Entrepreneurial Natural History in America's Gilded Age. Journal of the History of Biology. 33 (3) 493-534.

3. Agassiz, Louis. (1847). Introduction to the Study of Natural History. New York, NY: Greeley & McElrath.

4. Ibid

5. Ibid

6.   Ibid

7.   Agassiz, Louis. (1857). Essay on Classification: Contributions to the Natural His- tory of the United States of America, Vol. I, Part I. Boston.

8.   Agassiz, Louis. (1847). Introduction to the Study of Natural History. New York, NY: Greeley and McElrath.

9. Jordan, David Starr. (1993). Agassiz, (Jean) Louis (Rodolphe). In: The New Ency- clopaedia Britannica. Chicago, IL. The University of Chicago Press. 1:141-142.

10. Ibid

11. Pauly, Philip J. (2000). Biologists and the Promise of American life: from Meri- wether Lewis to Alfred Kinsey. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

12. Croce, Paul Jerome. (1995). Science and Religion in the Era of William James, Volume 1, Eclipse of Certainty, 1820–1880. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

13. Feuer, Lewis Samuel. (1963). The Scientific Intellectual: The Psychological and Sociological Origins of Modern Science. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

14. Croce, Paul Jerome. (1995). Science and Religion in the Era of William James, Volume 1, Eclipse of Certainty, 1820–1880. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

15. Tharp, L. H. (1959). Adventurous Alliance: The Story of the Agassiz Family of Boston. Boston, MA: Little, Brown And Company.

16. Lurie, Edward. (1988). Louis Agassiz: A Life in Science. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

17.   Mareou, J. (1896). Life and Letters of Louis Agassiz. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Macmillan and Company.

18.   Ibid

19.   Ibid

20. Jordan, David Starr. (1892). Science Sketches. Agassiz at Penikese. Chicago, IL: A. C. McClurg and Company.

21. Ibid

22. Lurie, Edward. (1988). Louis Agassiz: A Life in Science. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

23. Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology. (1873). An Account of the Organization and Progress of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, In Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cambridge, MA: Welch, Bigelow and Co., Uni- versity Press.

24. Agassiz, Elizabeth Cabot Cary. (1885). Louis Agassiz: His Life And Correspon- dence. Boston, MA and New York, NY: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.

25. Ibid

26. Tappan, Eva March. (1921). Heroes of Progress: Stories of Successful Ameri- cans. Boston; New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.

27. Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology. (1873). An account of the organization and progress of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Welch, Bigelow and Company, University Press.

28. Agassiz, George Russell. (1913). Letters and Recollections of Alexander Agas- siz: with a Sketch of His Life And Work. Houghton, Mifflin and Company.

29. Wallace, Alfred Russell. (1887). American Museums. The Museum Of Com- parative Zoology, Harvard University. The Fortnightly Review, Volume 48. London, England: Chapman and Hall.

30. Agassiz, Louis. (1872). Address to the California Academy of Science in Re- sponse to an Introduction. Regular Meeting. Proceedings California Academy of Sci- ence Volume 4 p 253. Sept 2 1872 San Francisco.

31. Agassiz, George Russell. (1913). Letters and Recollections of Alexander Agas- siz: with a Sketch of His Life And Work. Houghton, Mifflin and Company.

32. Saettler, L.P. (1990). The Evolution Of American Educational Technology. Englewood, NJ: Libraries Unlimited Inc.

33. Tozzer, Alfred M. (1935). Biographical memoir of Frederic Ward Putnam, 1839–1915. In William Trelease (ed.). Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. XVI – 4th Memoir. Presented to the Academy at the annual meeting, 1933. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.

34. Cooper, L. A. (1885). Louis Agassiz as a Teacher. From E. C. Agassiz, Louis Agassiz his Life and Correspondence. Boston, MA: Houghton, Mifflin and Company

35. Ibid

36. Kohlstedt, Sally Gregory. (2005). Nature, Not Books: Scientists and the Origins of the Nature-Study Movement in the 1890s. Isis. 96 (3) 324-352.

37. Jordan, David Starr. (1892). Science Sketches. Agassiz at Penikese. Chicago, IL: A. C. McClurg and Company.

38. Willoughby, Westel W. (1894). History of Summer Schools in the United States, Bureau of Education, Report, 1891-92, Vol. II: 893-959, Washington DC Government Printing Office.

39. Benson, Keith R. (1988). Why American Marine Stations? The Teaching Argu- ment. American Zoologist 28:7-14.

40. Ibid

41. Levin, Miriam R. (2005). Defining Women's Scientific Enterprise: Mount Ho- lyoke Faculty and the Rise of American Science. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.

42. Wilder, Burt G. (1898). Agassiz at Penikese. The American Naturalist. 32 (375) 189-196.

43. Willoughby, Westel W. (1894). History of Summer Schools in the United States, Bureau of Education, Report, 1891-92, Vol. II: 893-959, Washington DC Government Printing Office.

44. Levin, Miriam R. (2005). Defining Women's Scientific Enterprise: Mount Ho- lyoke Faculty and the Rise of American Science. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.

45. Johnson, Richard I. (2009). Dwight Blaney and William Procter on the Mollus- can Faunas of Frenchman Bay and Ironbound Island, Maine. Northeastern Naturalist 16 (4) 1-39.

46. Benson, Keith R. (1988). Why American Marine Stations? The Teaching Argu- ment. American Zoologist 28:7-14.

47.   Maienschein, J. (1985). Agassiz, Hyatt, Whitman, and the Birth of the Marine Biological Laboratory. Biological Bulletin. 168 (suppl.) 26-34.

48.   Mareou, J. (1896). Life and Letters of Louis Agassiz. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Macmillan and Company.

49.   Wilder, Burt G. (1907). What We Owe to Agassiz. Popular Science Monthly. 71:10.

50. Conklin, Edwin Grant. (1927). The beginning of biology at Woods Hole Labo- ratory at Penikese forerunner of M. B. L. Collecting Net. 2 (2) 1, 3, 6 and (3):7.

51. Jordan, David Starr. (1892). Science Sketches. Agassiz at Penikese. Chicago, IL:
A. C. McClurg and Company.

52. Benson, Keith R. (1988b). Laboratories on the New England Shore: The 'Some- what Different Direction' of American Marine Biology. New England Quarterly, 61 (1) 55-78.

53. Ibid.

54. Benson, Keith R. (1988). Why American Marine Stations? The Teaching Argu- ment. American Zoologist 28:7-14.

55. Jordan, David Starr. (1893). Science and the Colleges. The Popular Science Monthly. 42 (49) 721-734.

CHAPTER 2

1. Tolley, Kim. (2003). The Science Education of American Girls: A Historical Perspective. New York, NY and London, England: Routledge Falmer.

2. Ogren, Christine A. (2005). The American State Normal School:An Instrument of Great Good. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan.

3. Tolley, Kim. (2003). The Science Education of American Girls: A Historical Per- spective. New York, NY and London, England: Routledge Falmer.

4. Ogren, Christine A. (2005). The American State Normal School:An Instrument of Great Good. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan.

5. Allen, C. and Royce, R. (1889). Historical Sketch of the State Normal School at San Jose, California. Sacramento, CA: State Printing Office.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid.

8. Allen, C. and Royce, R. (1889). Historical Sketch of the State Normal School at San Jose, California. Sacramento, CA: State Printing Office.

9. Ibid.

10. Clifford, G. J. (1995). Equally In View: The University of California, Its Women, and the Schools. Center for Studies in Higher Education and Institute of Gov- ernmental Studies Press, University of California, Berkeley.

11. Zimmerman, Jonathan. (2009). Small Wonder: The Little Red School House in History and Memory. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

12. Nineteenth Biennial Report. (1900). Superintendent of Public Instruction. School Years Ending June 30 1899 and June 30 1900. Transmitted To The Governor September 15, 1900. State of California.

13. Doub, W. C. (1903). Summer Session at the San Jose State Normal School. The Western Journal of Education.8: 415-416.

14. Zimmerman, Jonathan. (2009). Small Wonder: The Little Red School House in History and Memory. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

15. Ibid.

16. Rice, Edwin Wilbur. (1917). The Sunday-School Movement and the American Sunday-School Union. Philadelphia, PA: Union Press.

17. Duncan, Dayton. (2009). The National Parks: America's Best Idea. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.

18. California State Teachers' Institute. (1861). Proceedings of the California State Teachers' Institute and Educational Convention in Session in the City of San Fran- cisco, From Monday May 27th to Saturday June 1st 1861. California Department of Public Instruction. Sacramento: Charles T. Botts State Printer

19. Clark, S. (2000). Cold Warriors: Manliness on Trial in the Rhetoric of the West. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

20. Carter, Joseph. (1901). Agriculture As A Science For The Elementary Schools, Joseph Carter Superintendent of Schools in Champaign Ill. In: Addresses and proceed- ings - National Education Association of the United States, Volume 40, National Edu- cation Association of the United States, National Teachers' Association (U.S.)., Ameri- can Normal School Association, National Association of School Superintendents (U.S.)., Central College Association, 1901): Journal of Proceedings and Addresses of the Fortieth Meeting held at Detroit, Mich., July 5-12, 1901, Vol. 40 (Chicago: NEA, 1901), 785-91.

21. Willoughby, Westel W. (1894). History of Summer Schools in the United States, Bureau of Education, Report, 1891-92, Vol. II: 893-959, Washington DC Government Printing Office.

22. The New York Times. (1873). The Anderson School: Opening of the Establish- ment on Penikese Island by Prof. Agassiz. July 19, 1873.

23. Tolley, Kim. (2003). The Science Education of American Girls: A Historical Per- spective. New York, NY and London, England: Routledge Falmer.

24. Ibid.

CHAPTER 3

1. John Thomas McFarland and Benjamin Severance Winchester. (1915). The Ency- clopedia of Sunday Schools and Religious Education: Giving a World-wide View of
the History and Progress of the Sunday School and the Development of Religious Edu- cation. New York, New York. T. Nelson & Sons.

2. Hurtlbut, J. L. (1907). The Summer School And The Sunday School. In: The Materials of Religious education being the principal papers presented at, and the pro- ceedings of the Fourth general convention of the Religious education association. Rochester, New York February 5-7, 1907 Chicago, Executive Office of the Association.

3. Rieser, A. C. (2003). The Chautauqua Moment: Protestants, Progressives and the Culture of Modern Liberalism: New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

4. Cutter, W. R. (1921). Louis Agassiz. American Biography: A New Cyclopedia. Volume 9. New York, NY: American Historical Company, Inc.

5. Carr, Angela. (1995). Toronto Architect Edmund Burke: Redefining Canadian Architecture. Ithaca, New York, NY: McGill-Queens University Press.

6. Jenks, Christopher Stephen. (1995). American Religious Buildings. The Akron Plan Sunday School. New York: Landmarks Conservancy. Common Bond. Retrieved 10 Apr. 2012 from http://www.sacredplaces.org/PSPInfoClearingHouse/articles/American%20Re… s%20Buildings.htm

7. Cutter, W. R. (1921). Louis Agassiz. American Biography: A New Cyclopedia. Volume 9. New York, NY: American Historical Company, Inc.

8.   Grant, John and Channing, Stockard. (2011). WNED-TV (Television station: Buffalo, N.Y.); Driftwood Productions. Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.) Chautauqua: an American narrative [United States] : PBS, DVD video

9.   Buhite, L. A. (2007). The Chautauqua Lake Camp Meeting And The Chautauqua Institution. Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations. Paper 2789. http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/etd/2789

10.   Bray, Frank Chapin. (1907). Social And Ethical Ideals In Summer Assemblies. In: The Materials Of Religious Education Being The Principal Papers Presented At, And The Proceedings Of The Fourth General Convention Of The Religious Education Association Rochester, New York. February 5-7, 1907. Chicago. Executive Office of the Association

11. Vincent, John Heyl. (1885). The Chautauqua Movement. Boston. Chautauqua Press.

12. Ibid.

13. Emily Raymond and Edward Everett Hale. (1885). About Chautauqua: As an Idea, as a Power, and as a Place. Blade Printing and Paper Company, Chautauqua N. Y.

14. Shore. Jennifer (2012). Bryant Day Celebrations Chime In The New Reading Season. August 18, 2012. Retrieved on January 11, 2013 from http://chqdaily.com/2012/08/18/bryant-day-celebrations-chime-in-the-new…- season/

15. Hussein, Amal, Ragaa, Bassyouni (2011). Transatlantic Romanticism: The Eng- lish Romantics and American Nineteenth−Century Poetic Tradition, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3197/

16. Muller, Gilbert H. (2010). William Cullen Bryant: Author of America. Albany. State University of New York Press.

17. Grant, John, Channing, Stockard. (2011). WNED-TV (Television station: Buffalo, N.Y.); Driftwood Productions. Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.) Chautauqua: an American narrative [United States]: PBS, DVD video

18. Ibid

19. Casper, Scott E. (2007). The Industrial Book: 1840-1880: A History of the Book In America Volume 3. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

20. Young, Betty Lou and Young, Thomas R. (2006). Frontier Chautauqua: The Chautauqua Movement on the Pacific Coast. Pacific Palisades, California: Casa Vieja Press.

21. Rieser, A. C. (2003). The Chautauqua Moment: Protestants, Progressives and the Culture of Modern Liberalism: New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

22. Flanders, William and Schmitz, Jonathan David. (2011). Chautauqua Institution. Charleston, South Carolina. Arcadia Publishing.

23. Vincent, J. H. and Freeman, J. M. (1877). Yosemite. Sunday School Journal for Teachers and Young People. 9 (12) 267.

24. Vincent, J. H. (1879). The Pacific Excursion. Sunday School Journal for Teach- ers and Young People. 11 (9) 197-200.

25. Brewster, J. A. (1879). Yosemite Sunday School Assembly. The Friend. Religious and Literary Journal. 28 (8) 66-67.

26. Ibid.

28. Muir, John. (1876). God's First Temples: How Shall We Preserve Our Forests. Sacramento Daily Record-Union, February 5, 1876. 1(304) 8.

29. Vincent, J. H. (1879). The Pacific Excursion. Sunday School Journal for Teachers and Young People. 11 (9) 197-200.

30. Ibid

31. Ibid

32. Brewster, J. A. (1879). Yosemite Sunday School Assembly. The Friend. Religious and Literary Journal. 28 (8) 66-67.

33. Vincent, J. H. (1879). The Pacific Excursion. The Pacific Excursion. Sunday School Journal for Teachers and Young People. 11 (9) 197-200.

34. Ibid

35. Brewster, J. A. (1879). Yosemite Sunday School Assembly. The Friend. Religious and Literary Journal. 28 (8) 66-67.

36. Vincent, J. H. (1879). The Pacific Excursion. Sunday School Journal for Teachers and Young People. 11 (9) 197-200.

37. Ibid

38. Bryant, William Cullen. (1855). A Forest Hymn. In: Poems, Volume 1. New York: D. Appleton and Company.

39. Vincent, J. H. (1879). The Pacific Excursion. Sunday School Journal for Teach- ers and Young People. 11 (9) 197-200.

40. Barrows, Henry D. and Ingersoll, Luther A. (1893). A Memorial and Biographical History of the Coast Counties of Central California. Chicago: The Lewis Publish- ing Company.

41. Engle, Irvin A. (1973). Pacific Grove Methodist Church and El Carmelo Cemetery. The Pacific Historian 17 (1) 82-87.

42. Barrows, Henry D. and Ingersoll, Luther A. (1893). A Memorial and Biographical History of the Coast Counties of Central California. Chicago, Illinois: The Lewis Publishing Company.

43. Vincent, J. H. (1879). The Pacific Excursion. Sunday School Journal for Teachers and Young People. 11 (9) 197-200.

44. Ibid

45. H. N. B. (1904). Pacific Grove Chautauqua Assembly. The Pacific. 54 (12) 11-12

46. Ibid

47. Rieser, A. C. (2003). The Chautauqua Moment: Protestants, Progressives and the Culture of Modern Liberalism: New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

48. Scott, J. C. (1999). The Chautauqua Movement: Revolution in Popular Higher Education. The Journal of Higher Education. 70 (4) 389-412.

49. The Chautauquan. (1887). Monterey. Volume 7. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 7:44.

50. Conway, J. D. (2003). Monterey: Presidio, Pueblo And Port. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing.

51. California. Dept. of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Education; Lyser, Albert. (1881). The C. L. S. C.: The Monterey Summer Assembly. The Pacific School Journal. 5 (4) 194-198

52. Program for the Third Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle (1882)

53. California. Dept. of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Education; Lyser, Albert. (1881). The C. L. S. C.: The Monterey Summer Assembly. The Pacific School Journal. 5 (4) 194-198.

54. Ibid

55. Ibid

56. Program for the Third Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle (1882).

57. California. Dept. of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Education; Lyser, Albert. (1881). The C. L. S. C. The Monterey Summer Assembly. The Pacific School Journal. 5 (4) 194-198.

58. Program for the Third Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle (1882).

59. Field, Mary Hannah Bacon. (1891). Kate Thurston's Chautauqua Circles. Meadville, Pa.: Flood and Vincent.

60. Taiz, Lillian. (2001). Hallelujah Lads & Lasses: Remaking the Salvation Army in America, 1880-1930. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

61. Rieser, A. C. (2003). The Chautauqua Moment: Protestants, Progressives and the Culture of Modern Liberalism: New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

62. California Department of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Educa- tion; Lyser, Albert. (1880). The C. S. L. C. The Pacific School Journal. 4 (9) 369-373

63. Norton, H. B. (1879). California Department of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Education; Lyser, Albert. C. L. S. C. The Pacific School Journal. 3 (10) 332.

64. Ibid.

65. The Chautauquan. (1885). Monterey, California. Volume 5. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 5:603-604.

66. Program for the First Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle (1880).

67. Young, Betty Lou and Young, Thomas R. (2006). Frontier Chautauqua: The Chautauqua Movement on the Pacific Coast. Pacific Palisades, California: Casa Vieja Press.

68. Program for the Third Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle (1882).

69. Norton, H. B. (1879). California Department of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Education; Lyser, Albert. C. L. S. C. The Pacific School Journal. 3 (10) 332.

70. Bentley, William R. (1885). Bentley's Hand-Book Of The Pacific Coast: Containing A Complete List Of The Seaside And Mountain Resorts, Mineral Springs, Lakes, Mountains, Valleys, Forests And Other Places And Objects Of Interest Of The Pacific Coast. Oakland, California: Pacific Press Publishing House.

71. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1884). Chautauqua Assembly. July 5, 1884. 51 (116) 5.

72. Armitage, Kevin. (2009). The Nature Study Movement: The Forgotten Popularizer of America’s Conservation Ethic. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.

CHAPTER 4

1. Agnew, John Holmes and Peabody, Washington Irvin. (1848). Editors Table. The Knickerbocker, or New York Monthly Magazine. Volume 32, page 182. Published By John Allen Nassau Street.

2. Abraham, William J. and Kirby, James E. (2009). The Oxford Handbook of Methodist Studies. Oxford; New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

3. Deviney, Claudia Head. (2002). From Spirit To Structure: A Study Of Georgia’s Historic Camp Meeting Grounds. MA thesis, Department of Historic Preservation, University of Georgia. Athens, Georgia.

4. Frinke, R. and Stark, R. (1989). How The Upstart Sects Won America: 1776- 1850. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 28 (1) 27-44.

5. Wills, Garry. (2007). Head and Heart: A History of Christianity in America. New York: Penguin Books.

6. Frinke, R. and Stark, R. (1989). How The Upstart Sects Won America: 1776- 1850. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 28 (1) 27-44.

7. Belton, David; Cathleen O'Connell; Callie Taintor Wiser; Sarah Colt; Thomas Jennings; Greg Barker; Julie Powell; David Espar; Marilyn H. Mellowes; Campbell Scott; Philip Sheppard; WGBH (Television station: Boston, Mass.); WGBH Educational Foundation.; PBS Distribution (Firm). God In America: How Religious Liberty Shaped America. [United States]: PBS Distribution, ©2010

8. Marsden, George M. (2004). Jonathan Edwards: A Life. New Haven & London. Yale University Press.

9. Taylor, Bron. (2012). Wilderness, Spirituality and Biodiversity in North Amer- ica: tracing an environmental history from Occidental roots to Earth Day, in Wilder- ness Mythologies: Wilderness in the History of Religions, ed. Laura Feldt (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012), 293-324.

10. Nickel, Holly Michelle. (2001). Raw Materials: American National Narrative and the Therapy of Nature. Emporia State University. Masters Thesis.

11. Marsden, George M. (2004). Jonathan Edwards: A Life. New Haven & London. Yale University Press.

12. Tucker, Ruth A. (2011). Parade of Faith: A Biographical History of the Chris- tian Church. Zondervan. Grand Rapids, Michigan.

13. Deviney, Claudia Head. (2002). From Spirit To Structure: A Study Of Geor- gia’s Historic Camp Meeting Grounds. MA thesis, Department of Historic Preserva- tion, University of Georgia. Athens, Georgia.

14. Belton, David; Cathleen O'Connell; Callie Taintor Wiser; Sarah Colt; Thomas Jennings; Greg Barker; Julie Powell; David Espar; Marilyn H. Mellowes; Campbell Scott; Philip Sheppard; WGBH (Television station: Boston, Mass.); WGBH Educational Foundation.; PBS Distribution (Firm). God In America: How Religious Liberty Shaped America. [United States]: PBS Distribution, ©2010

15. Bryant, William Cullen. (1855). A Forest Hymn. In: Poems, Volume 1. New York: D. Appleton and Company.

16. Deviney, Claudia Head. (2002). From Spirit To Structure: A Study Of Geor- gia’s historic Camp Meeting Grounds. MA thesis, Department of Historic Preserva- tion, University of Georgia. Athens, Georgia.

17. Ibid

18. Belton, David; Cathleen O'Connell; Callie Taintor Wiser; Sarah Colt; Thomas Jennings; Greg Barker; Julie Powell; David Espar; Marilyn H. Mellowes; Campbell Scott; Philip Sheppard; WGBH (Television Station : Boston, Mass.); WGBH Educa- tional Foundation.; PBS Distribution (Firm). God In America: How Religious Liberty Shaped America. [United States]: PBS Distribution, ©2010

19. Ibid

20. Ibid

21. Ibid

22. Phalen, William J. (2010). But They Did Not Build This House: The Attitude of Evangelical Protestantism Towards Immigration to the United States, 1800–1924. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University.

23. Weiss, Ellen. (1998). City in the Woods: The Life and Design of an American Camp Meeting on Martha's Vineyard, Boston, Massachusetts: Northeastern University Press.

24. Ken Burns; Dayton Duncan; Buddy Squires; Allen Moore; Lincoln Else; Paul Barnes; Craig Mellish; Erik Ewers; Peter Coyote; Florentine Films.; WETA-TV (Televi- sion station: Washington, D.C.); Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.); PBS Distribution (Firm). (The National Parks: America's Best Idea - The Scripture of Nature (1851- 1890). [United States]: PBS Distribution, ©2009.

25. Rieser, A. C. (2003). The Chautauqua Moment: Protestants, Progressives and the Culture of Modern Liberalism: New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

26. Ibid

27. Bell. J. (1892). The Christian Seaside Resort Pacific Retreat Monterey Co. Cali- fornia. The Friend. Religious and Literary Journal 56:41.

28. Worster, Donald. (2008). A Passion for Nature: The Life of John Muir. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

29. Johnson, J. O. (1886). Pacific Grove: The Next Place To Take Families For A Va- cation. Del Monte Wave. 1 (5) 6.

30. Bentley, William R. (1885). Bentley's Hand-Book Of The Pacific Coast: Con- taining A Complete List Of The Seaside And Mountain Resorts, Mineral Springs, Lakes, Mountains, Valleys, Forests And Other Places And Objects Of Interest Of The Pacific Coast. Oakland, California. Pacific Press Publishing House.

31. Armitage, Kevin. (2009). The Nature Study Movement: The Forgotten Popular- izer of America’s Conservation Ethic. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.

32. California Department of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Educa- tion; Lyser, Albert. (1881). The C. L. S. C.: The Monterey Summer Assembly. The Pa- cific School Journal. 5(4) 240.

33. The Chautauquan. (1890). Pacific Coast, Monterey, Cal. Volume 10. Chautau- qua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 10:114-115.

34. California Department of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Educa- tion; Lyser, Albert. (1880). Summer School Of Science. The Pacific School Journal. 4 (6) 234.

35. Ibid

36. The Chautauquan. (1881). Correspondence: The California C. L. S. C. Vol- ume 1. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 1:43.

37. Cloud, Roy Walter. (1952). Education in California: Leaders, Organizations, and Accomplishments of the First Hundred Years. Stanford, California: Stanford Uni- versity Press.

38. Ibid

39. Benson, K. R. and Rehbock, P. F. (2002). Oceanographic History: The Pacific and Beyond. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press.

40. Benson, Keith R. (1988b). Laboratories on the New England Shore: The 'Some- what Different Direction' of American Marine Biology. New England Quarterly. 61(1) 55-78.

41. The Chautauquan (1900). The Summer Assemblies. Pacific Grove, California. Volume 30. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 30:110

42. The Chautauquan. (1882). Monterey CLSC Assembly. Volume 2. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 2:82-83.

43. California. Dept. of Public Instruction; California. (1887). State Board of Edu- cation; State Educational News: Monterey County. Pacific Educational Journal. 1:292.

CHAPTER 5

1. Pacific Rural Press. (1886). The Chautauqua Assembly at Pacific Grove. August 7, 1886. 32 (6) 118.

2. Allen, C. and Royce, R. (1889). Historical Sketch of the State Normal School at San Jose, California. Sacramento, California: State Printing Office.

3. Minns, George W. (1861). On Methods of Teaching, Proceedings of the Califor- nia State Teachers' Institute and Educational Convention, In Session In The City Of San Francisco, from Monday, May 27th, to Saturday, June 1st, 1861. California State Teachers' Institute, Department of Public Instruction.

4. Allen, C. and Royce, R. (1889). Historical Sketch of the State Normal School at San Jose, California. Sacramento, California: State Printing Office.

5. Allen, C. and Royce, R. (1889). Historical Sketch of the State Normal School at San Jose, California. Sacramento, California: State Printing Office.

6. The Alumni Association of the University of Wisconsin (1904). The Wisconsin Alumni Magazine. 5 (9) 307.

7. Ibid.

8. Ogren, Christine A. (2005). The American State Normal School: An Instrument of Great Good. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

9. Washburn, Lucy M. (1914). He Loved the Mountains and Forests - The Late John Muir. Recollections of John Muir Many. San Jose Mercury Herald; San Jose, Cali- fornia. December 27, 1914. 88 (180) 10.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

13. Falk, Charles John. (1968). The Development and Organization of Education in California. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace & World.

14. Swett, John. (1876). History of the Public School System of California. San Francisco, California: A. L. Bancroft

15. Swett, John. (1884). Methods Of Teaching: A Hand-Book Of Principles Direc- tions And Working Models For Common-School Teachers. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.

16. Swett, John. (1900). American Public Schools: History and Pedagogics. New York, NY: American Book Company.

17. Swett, John. (1905). The Public School System. Chapter XVII, In A History of the New California: Its Resources and People. New York, NY; Chicago, IL: The Lewis Publishing Company.

18. San Jose State College. (1885). Memorials of Henry Brace Norton. San Jose, California. California State Normal School of San Jose.

18. Wilkinson H. N., Spencer, M. P. Price, V. V. Bailey, M. A., Hill, J. H. (1889). A History of the State Normal School of Kansas: For the First Twenty-Five Years by Kansas State Teachers College of Emporia. Emporia, Kansas.

19. Ibid

20. Ibid

21. Gould, Rebecca. (2005). Book of Nature. In Taylor, B., and Kaplan, J. eds: En- cyclopedia of Religion and Nature. London & New York: Thoemmes Continuum.

22. Norton, Henry Brace (1870).The Indian Question. Emporia News, June 24, 1870.

23. Wilkinson H. N., Spencer, M. P. Price, V. V. Bailey, M. A., Hill, J. H. (1889). A History of the State Normal School of Kansas: For the First Twenty-Five Years by Kansas State Teachers College of Emporia. Emporia, Kansas.

24. Monterey Peninsula Herald. (1933). Mrs. M. G. Norton, Mother of P.G. Coun- cilman, Dies. November 17, 1933. Page 2.

25. California Department of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Educa- tion; Lyser, Albert. (1882). Summer Institutes. The Pacific School Journal. 6 (7) 291.

26. Wilkinson H. N., Spencer, M. P. Price, V. V. Bailey, M. A., Hill, J. H. (1889). A History of the State Normal School of Kansas: For the First Twenty-Five Years by Kansas State Teachers College of Emporia. Emporia, Kansas.

27. Norton, H.B. (1874). Report on the Department of Science: In: Fourteenth An- nual Report of the Department of Public Instruction of the State of Kansas for the Year Ending December 31, 1874. Kansas Department of Public Instruction. Pages
155-156.

28. Allen, C. and Royce, R. (1889). Historical Sketch of the State Normal School at San Jose, California. Sacramento, CA: State Printing Office.

29. Ibid

30. San Jose State College. (1885). Memorials of Henry Brace Norton. San Jose, California. California State Normal School of San Jose.

31. Blackmar, Frank. (1885). Memorials of Henry Brace Norton. San Jose, Califor- nia. California State Normal School of San Jose.

32. Cloud, Roy Walter. (1952). Education in California: Leaders, Organizations, and Accomplishments of the First Hundred Years. Stanford, California: Stanford Uni- versity Press.

33. Ibid.

34. Arkansas City Republican. (1885). Prof. H. B. Norton Dead. Saturday, July 4, 1885.

36. The Chautauquan. (1884). Monterey Assembly. Volume 4. Chautauqua Liter- ary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 4: 28-29.

37. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1884). Chautauqua Assembly. July 10, 1884. 51 (120) 3.

38. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1884). Chautauqua Assembly. July 14, 1884. 51 (123) 3.

39. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1885). C. L. S. C. Assembly. June 27, 1885. 53 (108) 4.

40. The San Francisco Morning Call. (1890). The Summer School. After the Holi- days at Pacific Grove. Chautauquans Getting Down to Actual Work. July 07, 1890. 68
(37) 1.

41. Vincent, J. H. (1879). The California Branch of the C. L. S. C. Sunday School Journal for Teachers and Young People, New Series, December 1879. 11 (12) 270.

42. Allen, C. and Royce, R. (1889). Historical Sketch of the State Normal School at San Jose, California. Sacramento, CA: State Printing Office.

43. The Chautauquan. (1901). The Summer Assemblies: Pacific Grove, California. Volume 32. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 32:108

44. Program for the Ninth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Liter- ary and Science Circle (1888).

45. Schallenberger, Margaret. (1915). Work of the Commissioner of Elementary Schools. California's Magazine Quarterly. 1 (1) 394.

46. University of the Pacific. General Catalog 2011-2012.

47. Hunt, Rockwell, D. (1901). Golden Jubilee of the University of the Pacific: 1851-1901. San Jose, California. The Overland Monthly, Volume 37: 1035 -1046.

48. Sawyer, Eugene T. (1922). Mrs. Mary W. George, Dean of Women- State Nor- mal School. In: History of Santa Clara County, California. Los Angeles, California. Historic Record Company. Retrieved July 23, 2013 from http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/mwgeorge.html

49. Leland Stanford University Register for 1891-1892.

50. Thoburn, Wilbur Wilson. (1899). In Terms of Life: Sermons and Talks to Col- lege Student. Published by Stanford University. San Francisco, California. The Mur- dock Press.

51. The San Francisco Morning Call. (1891). School of Methods. July 8, 1891. 70
(38) 8.

52. San Francisco Morning Call. (1891). The Chautauquans: Opening Lecture Be- fore the Assembly at Pacific Grove. June 26, 1891. 70(26) 8.

53. Program for the Twelfth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Lit- erary and Science Circle (1891)

54. Keep, Rosalind Amelia. (1931). Fourscore Years: A History of Mills College. Oakland, California: Mills College

55. Pauly, S. and Pauly, P. (n. d.). Louie Strentzel Muir. Retrieved on March 15, 2013 from http://www.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/people/louie_muir_bio.aspx

56. Catalogue of Mills College 1912-1913. Announcements For 1913-1914 Mills College, Frank Eastman, book and job printer. 1913.

57. Coan, E.V. (1985). A Bibliography and List of Molluscan Names of Josiah Keep. The Veliger, 28 (2) 211-215.

58. Ibid.

59. Dall, William H. (1911). Professor Josiah Keep. Science. 34 (873) 371.

60. San Jose Mercury Herald, July 23, 1915.

61. Program for the Third Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Liter- ary and Science Circle (1882).

62. Gloria G. Harris and Hannah S. Cohen. (2012). Women Trailblazers of Cali- fornia: Pioneers to the Present. Charleston, South Carolina. The History Press.

63. The Bay of San Francisco: the Metropolis of the Pacific Coast and Its Subur- ban Cities: A History. (1892). Lewis Publishing Company. Volume 2: 228-244.

64. Ignoffo, Mary Jo. (2010). Captive of the Labyrinth: Sarah L. Winchester, Heir- ess to the Rifle Fortune. Columbia, Missouri. University of Missouri Press.

65. Pacific Rural Press. (1886). A Summer School of Science. June 19, 1886. 31 (25) 599.

66. The Chautauquan. (1885). Twelfth Summer Assembly At Chautauqua. Volume
5. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 5: 615.

67. Pacific Rural Press (1891). Chautauqua Circle. Program for the Assembly at Pa- cific Grove. June 26, 1891. 41 (26) 615.

68. Stadtman, Verne. (1970). The University of California, 1868-1968. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.

69. University Of California, Berkeley. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Re- trieved June 12, 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley

70. Young, Betty Lou and Young, Thomas R. (2006). Frontier Chautauqua: The Chautauqua Movement on the Pacific Coast. Pacific Palisades, California: Casa Vieja Press.

71. Ibid.

72. Pacific Rural Press. (1886). The Chautauqua Assembly at Pacific Grove. August 7, 1886. 32 (6) 118.

73. Del Monte Wave. (1887). Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle. 2 (6) 6.

74. University of California: In Memoriam, 1935-1936, Cornelius Beach Bradley.
Retrieved January 17, 2003 from
http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb9q2nb5z2&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=d… 0004&toc.depth=1&toc.id=

75. Sierra Club: History: Officers and Directors: Roster of Sierra Club Directors. Retrieved January 18, 2013 from http://www.sierraclub.org/history/downloads/directors.pdf

76. Annual Report of the Secretary to The Board of Regents of the University Of California. (1892). Summer Schools, Biology. Sacramento: State Office A. J. Johnston, Superintendent. State Printing.

77. Program for the Nineteenth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle (1898).

78. Pauly, Paul J. (1987). Controlling Life: Jacques Loeb & the Engineering Ideal in Biology. New York, NY. Oxford University Press.

79. Loeb, Jacques. (1900). On artificial parthenogenesis in sea urchins. Science, New Series. 11 (277): 612–614.

80. Spath, Susan B. (1999). C.B. Van Niel and the Culture of Microbiology, 1920– 1965. Thesis (Ph. D.) University of California, Berkeley.

81. The Evening News. San Jose, California. (1903). Dr. Hofmery Will Tell Assem- bly of Boer War. June 24, 1903. 44 (2) 3.

82. Stadtman, Verne. (1970). The University of California, 1868-1968. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.

83. The Chautauquan. (1885). Monterey Assembly. Volume 5. Chautauqua Liter- ary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 5:41.

84. The Chautauquan. (1894). Volume 18. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Cir- cle, Chautauqua Institution.

85. Yale University (1915). Obituary Record of the Graduates of the Undergradu- ate Schools, Deceased 1860-70. New Haven: Yale University.

86. San Francisco Call. (1900). Chautauqua's Busy Day. July 28, 1900. 87 (58) 8.

87. Stanford University. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on July 8, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University

88. Russell, Isaac. (1910). David Starr Jordan. The American Magazine. 70: 176- 178.

89. San Francisco Call. (1891). School of Methods. July 8, 1891. 70 (38) 8.

91. Benson, Keith R. (1988). Why American marine stations? The teaching argu- ment. American Zoologist 28:7-14.

92. Santa Cruz Surf. The Chautauquans. Elaborate Plans For the Summer Session at the Grove. May 23, 1892.

93. The San Francisco Call. (1895). Happy Chautauquans: Forty-Six Graduates Re- ceive Their Diplomas. July 13, 1895. 78 (43) 3.

94. Elliott, Orrin Leslie. (1937). Stanford University - The First Twenty Five Years 1891-1925. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

95. Field, Mary Hannah Bacon. (1891). Kate Thurston's Chautauqua Circles. Meadville, Pa.: Flood and Vincent

96. Jenkins, Oliver Pebbles. (1893). The Hopkins Seaside Laboratory. Zoe, 4: 58-63.

97. Kohlstedt, Sally Gregory. (2005). Nature, Not Books: Scientists and the Origins of the Nature-Study Movement in the 1890s. Isis. 96 (3) 324-352.

98. Ibid.

99. Harold Heath Memorial Resolution. Stanford University. Retrieved on March 15, 2013 from http://histsoc.stanford.edu/pdfmem/HeathH.pdf

100. Harold Heath Memorial Resolution. Stanford University. Retrieved on March 15, 2013 from http://histsoc.stanford.edu/pdfmem/HeathH.pdf

101. The San Francisco Call. (1895). Cooking A Fine Art: Miss Whitaker’s Able Demonstration at the Chautauqua. July 3, 1895. 78 (33) 3.

102. The San Francisco Call. (1897). Chautauquans At Pacific Grove. Third Day’s Work Opens With Devotional Exercises. July 16, 1897. 82 (46) 4.

103. Bell. J. (1884). Pacific Grove Retreat. The Friend. Religious and Literary Jour- nal. 57:26.

104. Guinn, James Miller. (1904). History of the State of California and biographi- cal record of coast counties, California: an historical story of the state's marvelous growth from its earliest settlement to the present time. The Chapman Publishing Co.

105. Ibid.

106. Ertter, Barbara. (2004). The Flowering of Natural History Institutions in Cali- fornia. Volume 55, Proceedings Of The California Academy Of Sciences. Supplement I, No. 4, pp. 58–87, 23 figs.

107. Guinn, James Miller. (1904). History of the State of California and Biographi- cal Record of Coast Counties, California: An Historical Story of the State's Marvelous

Growth from its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time. The Chapman Publishing Co.

108. Lemmon, John Gill and Lemmon, Sarah Allen. (1902). How to tell the trees and Forest Endowment of Pacific Slope, also Some Elements Of Forestry With Sugges- tions by Mrs. Lemmon. Oakland, California.

109. Guinn, James Miller. (1904). History of the State of California and Biographi- cal Record of Coast Counties, California: An Historical Story of the State's Marvelous Growth from its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time. The Chapman Publishing Co.

110. Program for the Ninth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Lit- erary and Science Circle (1888).

111. Evening Post, Saturday, July 10, 1888

112. Program for the Tenth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Lit- erary and Science Circle (1889).

113. Program for the Fourth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Lit- erary and Science Circle (1883).

114. Program for the Eighth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Lit- erary and Science Circle (1887).

115. Muir, John and Wolfe, Linnie Marsh. (1979). John of the Mountains: The Un- published Journals of John Muir. Madison, Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press.

116. Berkeley Daily Gazette. (1915). Noted Naturalist Called By Death. March 5, 1915

117. Ibid.

118. San Francisco Call. (1900). Planning To Save Trees In The Big Basin, Impor- tant Meeting of the Sempervirens Club Held in San Jose. July 14, 1900. 87 (44) 8.

119. San Jose Mercury News. (1902). For the Preservation of the Big Basin. Febru- ary 9, 1902. 61 (40) 9.

120. Program for the Ninth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Lit- erary and Science Circle (1888).

121. Ibid.

122. Program for the Tenth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Lit- erary and Science Circle (1889).

123. Pullman, Joseph. (1899). Minutes of the New York East Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church: Official journal, Methodist Episcopal Church. New York East Conference, The Conference, 1899.

124. The San Francisco Call. (1891). The Chautauquans: Interesting Exercises at Pacific Grove. July 3, 1891. 70 (33) 8.

125. Buckham, John Wright (1914 ). John Knox McLean: A Biography by John Wright Buckham. Smith Brothers, Oakland, California.

126. Appendix to the Journals of the Senate and Assembly of the Forty-Ninth Ses- sion of the Legislature of the State of California. (1879). Volume 1. California. Super- intendent State Printing.

127. Buckham, John Wright (1916). Dr. McLean - Nature Lover. A Paper by Profes- sor Buckham at the Conference in Yosemite. The Pacific. 66 (32) 9.

128.   [Letter from J. K. McLean to John Muir, 1879 Mar 14.] John Muir Papers, Holt-Atherton Special Collections, University of the Pacific Library. © 1984 Muir- Hanna Trust.
129.   Assembly 1884, Kate Thurston

130. Orcutt, C.R. (1888) Summer School of Science. The West American Scientist, Volume 3, Issue 27. Charles Russell Orcutt, Editor.

131. Badè, William Frederick. (1915). In Memoriam John Knox McLean. Sierra Club Bulletin, Volume 9 (1913-1915). The Sierra Club. San Francisco, California.

132. Olney, Warren. III. (1981). Law enforcement and judicial administration in the Earl Warren era : oral history transcript / and related material, 1970-1981). Bancroft Library. Regional Oral History Office; Earl Warren Oral History Project.

133. Climbing Mt. Shasta. (1908). The Pacific. 58 (9) 11.

134. Annual Report of the President of the University on Behalf of the Regents to His Excellency the Governor of the State of California. University of California, Ber- keley. University of California Press, 1913.

135. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1876). Personal. August 2, 1876. 2 (138) 3.

135. Jewett, Henry Erastus (1892). Israel Edson Dwinell, D.D.: A Memoir: with Ser- mons. Oakland, Calif. W.B. Hardy.

136. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1890). Reverend Dr. Dwinell Dead. June 8, 1890. 2 (4) 3.

137. Pauly, Steve. (1999). The Importance of John Muir’s First Public Lecture, Sac- ramento, 1876. The John Muir Newsletter, Vol. 9, No. 1. Winter 1998-1999.

138. Ibid.

139. Agassiz Institute (Sacramento, Calif.) Proceedings of the Agassiz Institute, of Sacramento, Cal., with the constitution and by-laws, and the names of the officers and members. Incorporated Nov. 12, 1872. Sacramento, California. E.G. Jefferis & Co.

140. Davis, Winfield J. (1890). An illustrated history of Sacramento County, Cali- fornia: containing a history of Sacramento County from the earliest period of its occu- pancy to the present time, together with glimpses of its prospective future ... portraits of some of its most eminent men, and biographical mention of many of its pioneers and also prominent citizens of today. Chicago, Illinois: Lewis Publishing Company.

141. The Chautauquan. (1881). Correspondence: The California C. L. S. C. Vol- ume 1. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 1:43.

142. James, Elias Olan (1953). The Story of Cyrus and Susan Mills. Stanford Uni- versity Press, Stanford, California.

CHAPTER 6

1. Washburn, Lucy M. (1914). He Loved the Mountains and Forests - The Late John Muir. Recollections of John Muir Many. San Jose Mercury Herald; San Jose, Cali- fornia. December 27, 1914. 87 (180) 10.

2. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1876). The Glaciers of California. Interest- ing Lecture by John Muir-Literary Institute Course. January 26, 1876. 1 (295) 5.

3. Gilbert, Benjamin F. (1976). California State Normal School: The First Years in San Jose. San Jose Studies. 2 (3).

4. Daily Alta California (1876). Oakland. Woodward and Taggart's Great Auction Sale -identity of a Drowned Man Discovered--Professor Schulte's Eastern Lecture Tour -Lecture at the University, Etc. March 29, 1876. 28 (9489) 1.

6. Daily Alta California (1876). Oakland. The Glaciers of California. May 16, 1876. 28 (9537) 1.

7. Jack S. Blocker, David M. Fahey, Ian R. Tyrrell. (2003). Alcohol and Temper- ance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO.

9. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. City Intelligence. Lecture. January 14, 1879. 7
(273) 3.

10. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1879). The Great Basin - Some Interesting Facts About It - Lecture . January 15, 1879. 7 (274) 4.

12. Vincent, J. H. (1879). The Pacific Excursion. The Pacific Excursion. Sunday School Journal for Teachers and Young People. 11 (9) 197-200.

13. Los Angeles Herald. (1879). The Sunday-School Convention, Yosemite, June 12th Morning Telegrams. June 15, 1879. 12 (10) 1.

15. Eber, Ronald. (1993). John Muir in Oregon. John Muir Newsletter, Vol. 3, No. 4, Fall 1993.

17. Hetzler, Shane. M. (2004). The Dim Dark Sea Of The Northern Woods: John Muir’s Exploits into the Pacific Northwest. The John Muir Newsletter, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, Spring/Summer 2004.

18. Ibid.

19. The Vancouver Independent, January 22, 1880.

20. Morning Oregonian: Portland, Oregon. (1880). Glaciers In Alaska. An Enthusi- astic Report of John Muir's Lecture at Vancouver; Oregonian. January 24, 1880. Vol- ume XIX No. Page 1.

21. Hetzler, Shane. M. (2004). The Dim Dark Sea Of The Northern Woods: John Muir’s Exploits into the Pacific Northwest. The John Muir Newsletter, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, Spring/Summer 2004.

22. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1880). Lyceum Lectures. Description of Alaska— lts Glaciers and Its Gold Fields. February 25, 1880. 11 (3) 3.

23. Report of the Commissioner of Education (1880). California. Educational Convention. State Association. Pages19-27. United States. Office of Education. Wash- ington. U.S. Government Printing Office (1882).

24. California Department of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Educa- tion; Lyser, Albert. (1881). List of Members Present At Session, 1880. The Pacific School Journal. 5 (5) 192.

25. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1881). Resources Of Alaska. January 19, 1881. 12 (129).

26. Williams, Dennis C. (2002) God's Wilds: John Muir's Vision of Nature. Col- lege Station, Texas. Texas A&M University Press.

27. Strother, French (1909). Three Days with John Muir. The World's Work. 17 (5) 11355-11358.

28. Gisel, Bonnie Johanna (2008). Nature's Beloved Son: Rediscovering John Muir's Botanical Legacy. Heyday Books, Berkeley, California.

29. Clark, Bruce and Rossini, Manuela. (2011). The Routledge Companion to Lit- erature and Science. New York, NY. Taylor & Francis.

31. Beidleman, Richard G. (2006). California's Frontier Naturalists. University of California Press.

32. Holmes, Steven J. (1999). Young John Muir: An Environmental Biography. Madison, Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press.

34. Swett, John. (1893). John Muir. The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, New York: The Century Company. 46(1) 120.

35. Rowthorn, Anne and McKibben, Bill (2012). The Wisdom of John Muir: 100+ Selections from the Letters, Journals, and Essays of the Great Naturalist. Birmingham, Alabama: Wilderness Press.

36. Sierra Club Bulletin. (1892). Articles of Association, Articles of Incorporation, By-Laws and List of Charter Members Volume 1. San Francisco, California: Sierra Club

37. Ibid

38. Brower, David Ross (1967). The Sierra Club Wilderness Handbook. Ballantine Books.

39. Washburn, Lucy M. (1910). The Grand Circuit of the Yosemite National Park. Sierra Club Bulletin. 7:149

40. Stegmeir, Diane. (2008). David Muir. The John Muir Newsletter, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA. 18 (2) 11.

41. Ibid.

42. Personal Communication with the Historian of the First Congregational Church of Martinez, California via email on December 30, 2014.

45. Stegmeir, Diane. (2008). David Muir. The John Muir Newsletter, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA. 18 (2) 11.

46. Pacific Grove, Mayflower. (1916). In: Church News Notes, The Pacific. Novem- ber 9, 1916. 66 (45) 12.

47. Ford, Janene. (2003). James Eastman Shone Collection of Muiriana. The John Muir Newsletter, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 13 (4) 10-11.

48. Ibid.

49. Ibid.

CHAPTER 7

1. Jewell. F. F. (1887). Summer School of Science. Del Monte Wave. 2 (6) 12.

2. Morrison, Theodore. (1974). Chautauqua. A Center for Education, Religion, and the Arts in America. Chicago, University of Chicago.

3. Scott, J. C. (1999). The Chautauqua Movement: Revolution in Popular Higher Education. The Journal of Higher Education. 70(4): 389-412.

4. Wu, Duncan. (1999). A Companion to Romanticism. Malden, Massachusetts. John Wiley & Sons.

5. Fuller, Randall. (2009). From Battlefields Rising: How The Civil War Trans- formed American Literature. New York, NY. Oxford University Press.

6. The Chautauquan. (1883). California Assembly of 1882. Volume 3. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 3:46-47.

7. Berwick, Edward. Pacific Rural Press. The Home Circle: James Russell Lowell. October 2, 1886. 32 (14) 282

8. Fink, Agusta (1972). Monterey County The Dramatic Story of Its Past Monterey Bay, Big Sur, Carmel, Salinas Valley. Western Tanager Press/Valley Pub-
lishers, San Francisco, California.

9. Bartlett, W. C. (1880). Thoreau in Books and in the Woods. The Californian. 2:514-520.

10. Program for the Ninth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Liter- ary and Science Circle (1888).

11. Oakland Tribune (1888). Dr. W. C. Bartlett, the Veteran Journalist, Delivered a Lecture Before the Starr King Fraternity at the Last Meeting. December 13, 1888. Page 8

12. Bartlett, WC. (1900). A Year in Forest Reservations. Overland Monthly. 35 (207) 243-249.

14. Muir, John, Editor. (1888). Picturesque California and the Region West of the Rocky Mountains from Alaska to Mexico. San Francisco and New York: J. Dewing Company.

15. Sacramento Daily Record Union. (1889). By The Sea. The Groves Were God’s First Temples. June 1, 1889. 61 (85) 2.

16. The Chautauquan. (1884). Monterey Assembly. Volume 4. Chautauqua Liter- ary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 4: 28-29.

17. Smith, Corrine Hosfeld. (2012). Westward I Go Free: Tracing Thoreau's Last Journey. Green Frigate Books.

18. Ibid.

19. Field, Mary Hannah Bacon. (1891). Kate Thurston's Chautauqua Circles. Meadville, Pa.: Flood and Vincent.

20. Program for the Tenth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Liter- ary and Science Circle (1889).

21. San Francisco Bulletin. (1888). Chautauqua Assembly. Close of the Annual Meeting at Pacific Grove. Interesting Papers That Were Read. July 18, 1888. 66 (86) 4.

22. Program for the Thirteenth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle (1892).

23. Harvard College. (1906). Class of 1886. Secretary's Report. 6:46

24. Program for the Thirteenth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle (1892).

25. Field, M. H. (1885). Under the Pines at Monterey. In: Biennial Report of the California State Board of Forestry for the years 1885-86. pp. 115-116. California. State Board of Forestry. J.J. Ayers, supt. state printing, 1886.

26. Novack, Barbara (2007). Nature and Culture : American Landscape and Paint- ing, 1825-1875. Oxford University Press

27. Rainey, Sue. (2007). Picturesque California How Westerners Portrayed the West in the Age of John Muir. Common - Place 7(13) April 2007. Retrieved April 22, 2015 from http://www.common-place.org/vol-07/no-03/rainey/

28. San Francisco Call. (1901). The Artist's Colony At Monterey. August 25, 1901. 87 (86) 10.

29. Program for the Tenth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Lit- erary and Science Circle (1889).

30. Program for the Eleventh Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle (1890).

31. San Francisco Call. (1890). Chautauqua Work. Lecture on the Scandinavian Shakespeare. July 9, 1890. 68 (39) 8.

32. Lekisch, Barbara, (2003). Embracing Scenes about Lakes Tahoe & Donner: Painters, Illustrators & Sketch Artists 1855-1915. Lafayette, California: Great West Books.

33. Hughes, Edan Milton. (1986). Artists in California 1786-1940. San Francisco, California: Hughes Publishing Company.

34. Muir, John, editor. (1888). Picturesque California and the Region West of the Rocky Mountains from Alaska to Mexico. San Francisco and New York: J. Dewing Company.

35. San Francisco Call. (1891). Chautauqua Exercises. Largely Attended Sunday Services at Pacific Grove. June 29, 1891. 70 (29) 1.

36. San Francisco Call. (1895). Organize For Study. Chautauquans at Pacific Grove Begin Their Labors. July 4, 1895. 78 (34) 2.

37. Ivey, John Joseph. (1903). Talks in My Studio. The Art of Seeing, Facts and Fan- cies About Art, Pictures; Together With a Plain Guide to Water-Color Painting and Sketching from Nature. San Francisco, California: Whitaker and Ray Company.

38. San Francisco Call. (1901). The Artist's Colony At Monterey. August 25, 1901. 87 (86) 10.

39. Davis. E. C. (1989). Down the Piney Path. News From Pacific Grove Review. January 17, 1903. The Board and Batten. Newsletter of the Pacific Grove Heritage So- ciety. December 1988/January 1989.

40. San Francisco Call. (1903). Chautauqua Assembly To Meet At Pacific Grove. June 19, 1903. 94 (19) 7.

41. Davis. E. C. (1999). Pacific Grove Loses An Artist. The Board and Batten. News- letter of the Pacific Grove Heritage Society. April/May 1999.

42. Ivey, John Joseph. (1891). Plain Guide to Landscape-Painting in Water-Colors, With Helpful Hints for Viewing Nature and Art. Los Angeles, California: Fowler and Cowell.

43. Ivey, John Joseph. (1903). Talks in My Studio. The Art of Seeing, Facts and Fan- cies About Art, Pictures; Together With a Plain Guide to Water-Color Painting and Sketching from Nature. San Francisco, California: Whitaker and Ray Company.

44. Ibid.

45. Ibid.

46. San Francisco Call. (1897). Chautauquans at Pacific Grove. Third Day's Work Opens With Devotional Exercises. Zoological. Students Search Rocks and Water for Specimens. Picturesque Spots Sought by the Sketch Class-Lecture on Child Study. July 16, 1897. 82 (46) 4.

47. Shields, Scott A. (2006). Artists at Continent's End: The Monterey Peninsula Art Colony, 1875-1907. Sacramento, California: University of California Press.

48. Muir, John, editor. (1888). Picturesque California and the Region West of the Rocky Mountains from Alaska to Mexico. San Francisco, California and New York, NY: J. Dewing Company.

49. Shields, Scott A. (2006). Artists at Continent's End: The Monterey Peninsula Art Colony, 1875-1907. Sacramento, California: University of California Press

50. Ibid

51. Hughes, Edin Milton. (1986). Artists In California, 1786-1940. San Francisco, California: Hughes Publishing Company.

52.   Emily Raymond and Edward Everett Hale. (1885). About Chautauqua: As an Idea, as a Power, and as a Place. Blade Printing and Paper Company, Chautauqua N. Y.
53.   Pacific Rural Press. (1886). A Summer School of Science. June 19, 1886. 31 (25) 599.

CHAPTER 8

1. Werner's Directory of Elocutionists, Readers, Lecturers and other Public Instruc- tors and Entertainers (1887).

2. Los Angeles Herald. (1890). Union Chautauquans: Programme at the Last Eve- ning's Entertainment. March 27, 1890. 33 (166) 6.

3. Morrison, Theodore. (1974). Chautauqua. A Center for Education, Religion, and the Arts in America. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago

4. San Francisco Call. (1891). Henry W. Longfellow. February 28, 1891. 69 (90) 1.

5. Los Angeles Herald. (1893). Long Beach: Proceedings of the Lovers of Literature. June 29, 1893. 40 (79) 3.

6. Los Angeles Herald. (1894). Brevities. February 4, 1894. 41 (106) 3.

7. Los Angeles Herald. (1896). Brevities. December 8, 1896. 26 (69) 7.

8. Los Angeles Herald. (1900). Literary Meeting. November 26, 1900. 28 (56) 3.

9. Rapp, Robert J. (2002). Pacific Grove: A Story of Western Development. M.A. Dissertation. California State University, Hayward.

10. The Chautauquan. (1884). Monterey Assembly. Volume 4. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 4: 28-29.

11. San Francisco Call. (1890). Recognition Day. July 11, 1890. 68 (41) 8.

12. San Francisco Call. (1903). Chautauqua Assembly Rally Is To Be Largely At- tended. June 9, 1903. 94 (9) 6.

13. San Francisco Call. (1890). Chautauqua Assembly. May 6, 1890. 67 (167) 3.

14. California Department of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Educa- tion; Lyser, Albert. (1880). The C. S. L. C. The Pacific School Journal. 4 (9) 369-373.

15. San Francisco Bulletin. (1886). Chautauqua Assembly. The Summer School of Science at Pacific Grove. July 12, 1886. 62 (81) 2.

16. Rieser, A. C. (2003). The Chautauqua Moment: Protestants, Progressives and the Culture of Modern Liberalism: New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

17. Spencer, Edwina. (1904). The Chautauqua Movement. Munsey's Magazine, Volume 31, 1904.

18. The Chautauquan. (1884). Monterey Assembly. Volume 4. Chautauqua Liter- ary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 4: 28-29.

19. Grant, John, Channing, Stockard. (2011). WNED-TV (Television station: Buf- falo, N.Y.); Driftwood Productions.; Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.) Chautauqua: an American narrative [United States] : PBS, DVD video

20. Rieser, A. C. (2003). The Chautauqua Moment: Protestants, Progressives and the Culture of Modern Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.

21. Ibid

22. Ibid

23. San Francisco Call. (1895). Chautauqua Work Begins. The Pacific Coast Has 6000 Students in the People's College. Winter Season Readings In This Popular and Unique Educational Movement. October 10, 1895. 78 (132) 10.
24. Binkley, Cameron. (2011). Saving the Redwoods. In: California Women and Politics. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.

25. Hurlbut, Jesse Lyman. (1921). The Story of Chautauqua. New York and Lon- don: G. P. Putnam's Sons

26. Rieser, A. C. (2003). The Chautauqua Moment: Protestants, Progressives and the Culture of Modern Liberalism: New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

27. Carroll, Mary Bowden. (1903). Ten years in Paradise: Leaves From a Society Re- porter's Note-book. San Jose, California: Press of Popp & Hogan.

28. Ibid

29. Murray, Elizabeth. (1902). California Women's Clubs. Sunset Magazine. 10 (1) 343-350.

30. Burdette, Clara B. (Mrs. Robert J Burdette). (1922). The Value of Individual Organized Life. In: Who's who Among the Women of California: An Annual Devoted to the Representative Women of California, with an Authoritative Review of Their Ac- tivities in Civic, Social, Athletic, Philanthropic, Art and Music, Literary and Dramatic Circles, by Louis S. Lyons, Josephine Wilson, Security publishing Company, 1922.

31. Binkley, Cameron (2011). Saving the Redwoods. In: California Women and Politics. Lincoln, Nebraska. University of Nebraska Press

32. Ibid

33. Walker, Richard. (2009). The Country In The City: The Greening Of The San Francisco Bay Area. Seattle, WA. University of Washington Press.

34. San Francisco Call. (1902). Delegates To General Convention Free To Vote As They Deem Best. February 8, 1902. 87 (70) 5.

35. San Jose Mercury News. (1907). Pacific Grove Daily Session of Chautauqua As- sembly. July 21, 1907. 73 (21) 8.

36. San Francisco Call. (1908). Chautauquans Set Aside Special Days. July 16, 1908. 104 (46) 4.

37. Program for the Twenty-Ninth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautau- qua Literary and Science Circle (1908).

38. Ibid.

39. Yaryan, William S. (2002). Saving the Redwoods: The Ideology and Political Economy of Nature Preservation. University of California, Santa Cruz.

40. Program for the Thirtieth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Literary and Science Circle (1909).

41. Los Angeles Herald. (1909). Club Women Elect Annual Executives Comic Press Supplements Federation's Theme. May 23, 1909. 36 (234) 7.

42. Oakland Tribune. (1909). Joh Muir Deplores Loss of California Beauty Be- cause of Business. May 23, 1909. 71(92) 17.

44. Merchant, Carolyn. (1984). Women of the Progressive Conservation Move- ment: 1900-1916. Environmental Review 8 (1) 57-85.

45. Riley, Glenda. (1999). Women and Nature: Saving the "Wild" West. Lincoln, Ne- braska. University of Nebraska Press.

CHAPTER 9

1. Sacramento Daily Record-Union. (1878). "Down By The Sea. Shells From A Sea- side Resort.” June 17, 1878. 7 (102) 3.

2. The Hand book to Monterey and Vicinity: Containing a Brief Resumé of the History of Monterey Since its Discovery; a General Review of the Resources and Prod- ucts of Monterey and the County; Descriptive Sketches of the Town, and the Points of Interest in the Neighborhood. (1875). Monterey [Calif.]. Walton & Curtis.

3. Stevenson, Robert Louis. (1881). The Old Pacific Capital: The Woods and the Pa- cific The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art, Volume 33; Vol- ume 96, Leavitt, Trow, & Company.

4. Seavey, Kent and Pacific Grove Heritage Society. (2005). Pacific Grove. Charles- ton, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing.

5. Page & Turnbull, Inc. (2011). City of Pacific Grove Historic Context Statement.

6. McLane, Lucy Neely. (1952). Lucy Neely McLane's A Piney Paradise by Mon- terey Bay: The Early History of Pacific Grove. Gateway Press.

7. (Selling God: American Religion in the Marketplace of Culture, Robert Lau- rence Moore, Oxford University Press, 1995)

8. Page & Turnbull, Inc. (2011). City of Pacific Grove Historic Context Statement.

9. Norton, H. B. (1879). C. L. S. C. The Pacific School Journal. California. Dept. of Public Instruction; California. State Board of Education; Lyser, Albert. 3 (10) 332.

10. Program for the Second Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Lit- erary and Science Circle (1881).

11. Ibid.

12. The Chautauquan. (1882). Monterey CLSC Assembly. Volume 2. Chautau- qua Literary and Scientific Circle, Chautauqua Institution. 2:82-83.

13. McLane, Lucy Neely. (1975). A Piney Paradise: A Pictorial Story of Monterey Peninsula. Monterey, California. Herald Printers.

14. Pacific Rural Press. (1886). C. L. S. C. June 5, 1886. 31 (23) 550.

15. The San Francisco Call. (1895). Cooking A Fine Art: Miss Whitaker’s Able Demonstration at the Chautauqua. July 3, 1895. 78 (33) 3.

16. The Chautauquan. (1901). The Summer Assemblies: Pacific Grove. 32:108 Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. Chautauqua Institution.

17. San Francisco Call. (1900). Lectures at Pacific Grove. March 18, 1900. 87 (108)
16.

18. Colby, William E. (1939). Vernon Kellogg. In: Vernon Lyman Kellogg: Vernon Kellogg 1867 to 1937: Washington, D.C.: Anderson House.

19. San Francisco Call. (1900). Lectures on Botany. April 16, 1900. 87 (147) 2.

20. Riley, Glenda. (1999). Women and Nature: Saving the Wild West. Lincoln, Ne- braska. University of Nebraska Press.

21. San Francisco Call. (1900). Lectures on Botany. April 16, 1900. 87 (147) 2.

22. San Francisco Call. (1901). Monterey Bay Famed For Its Many Fishes. Novem- ber 10, 1901. 90 (163) 29.

23. McLane, Lucy Neely. (1975). A Piney Paradise: A Pictorial Story of Monterey Peninsula. Herald Printers

24. The Board and Batten. (1991). T. H. Sinex. Newsletter for the Pacific Grove Heritage Society. April-May, 1991.

25. Barrows, Henry D. and Ingersoll, Luther A. (1893). A Memorial and Bio- graphical History of the Coast Counties of Central California. Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Company.

26. The Monterey Herald, August 16, 1955

CHAPTER 10

1. Program for the Ninth Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Liter- ary and Science Circle (1888).

2. Hester, Joseph P. (2003). The Ten Commandments: A Handbook of Religious, Legal, and Social Issues. MacFarland and Company, Inc. North Carolina.

3. San Francisco Bulletin. (1887). Chautauqua Assembly. The Events of the Past Week at Pacific Grove. A New Church Edifice. July 11, 1887. 64 (80) 1.

4. San Francisco Call. (1891). Music And Art. Attractions at the Chautauqua As- sembly. Pacific Grove Visitors Entertained by the University Glee Club. Interesting Studies by Professor Ivey's Class. Lectures on Grumblers by Rev. P. S. Henson of Chi- cago July 7, 1891. 70 (37) 8.

5. Pacific Bank Handbook of California. (1888). San Francisco, CA. Pacific Bank.

6. Young, Betty Lou and Young, Thomas R. (2006). Frontier Chautauqua: The Chautauqua Movement on the Pacific Coast. Pacific Palisades, California: Casa Vieja Press.

7. Page & Turnbull, Inc. (2011) City of Pacific Grove Historic Context Statement.

8. Young, Betty Lou and Young, Thomas R. (2006). Frontier Chautauqua: The Chautauqua Movement on the Pacific Coast. Pacific Palisades, California: Casa Vieja Press.

9. Ibid.

San Francisco Call. (1909). Roosevelt Will Speak at Chautauqua in Yosemite Com- ing West on Return From Africa. July 9, 1909. 106 (39) 5.

10. San Francisco Call. (1909). Honor Memory Of Prof. Le Conte. July 13, 1909. 106 (43) 2.

11. Harper, Ida Husted. (1922). The History Of Woman Suffrage. Volume VI 1900
- 1920. In Chapter IV California. New York. J. J. Little and Ives Company.

12. Program for the First Annual Pacific Coast Assembly of the Chautauqua Liter- ary and Science Circle (1882).

15. San Francisco Call. (1909). Roosevelt Will Speak at Chautauqua in Yosemite Coming West on Return From Africa. July 9, 1909. 106 (39) 5.

EPILOGUE

1. Winthrop, John and Hosmer, James Kendall. (1908). Winthrop's Journal, "His- tory of New England," 1630-1649. Volume 1. New York. C. Scribner's Sons.

2. Bozeman, Theodore Dwight (1991). The Puritans' "Errand into the Wilder- ness" Reconsidered. The New England Quarterly. 59 (2) 231-251.

3. Miller, Perry (1956). Errand Into The Wilderness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

4. Samuel Danforth, Thomas Shepard, Samuel Green, Marmaduke Johnson, Massachusetts. General Court. (1871). A Brief Recognition of New-Englands Errand Into the Wilderness;: Made in the Audience of the General Assembly of the Massachusetts Colony, at Boston in N.E. on the 11th of the Third Moneth, 1670 [i.e., 1671]. Being the Day of Election There.

5. Ibid.Bryant, William Cullen. (1855). A Forest Hymn. In: Poems, Volume 1. New York: D. Appleton and Company.

6.   Emerson, Ralph Waldo. (1849). Nature. Boston & Cambridge. James Munroe & Company.

8. Agassiz, Louis (1862). Methods of Study in the Natural History. The Atlantic Monthly, 9 (56) 1-13.

9. Goddard, H.N. (1906). Oshkosh State Normal School Bulletin. Nature Study in the Grades and Course of Study for the Training Department Oshkosh Normal School. 2 (8) 17.

10. Ken Burns; Dayton Duncan; Buddy Squires; Allen Moore; Lincoln Else; Paul Barnes; Craig Mellish; Erik Ewers; Peter Coyote; Florentine Films.; WETA- TV (Television station: Washington, D.C.); Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.); PBS Distribution (Firm). (The National Parks: America's Best Idea). [United States]: PBS Distribution, ©2009.

11.Bestor, Arthur E. (1911). Organized Popular Education. Proceedings of the National Park Conference held at Yellow stone National Park, September 11- 12, 1911. Washington Government Printing Office 1912.